Travel Guide to Georgia: Where to Visit and What to Do

With its breathtaking landscapes, rich history, vibrant culture, and warm hospitality, Georgia offers a truly unique experience for travelers. From snow-capped mountains to lush valleys, ancient churches to modern cities, this diverse nation captivates visitors with its blend of old-world charm and contemporary allure. Whether you’re an adventurer seeking thrilling outdoor activities or a connoisseur of fine wine and cuisine, Georgia has something for everyone. Stay tuned on a journey as we delve into the captivating beauty and cultural wonders that make Georgia an unforgettable destination.

History of Georgia

Georgia, located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, has a rich and diverse history that spans thousands of years. Here is an overview of the key periods in Georgia’s history:

Ancient Times

The earliest evidence of human habitation in Georgia dates back to the Paleolithic era. Several ancient civilizations flourished in this region, including the Colchians and Iberians. The legendary Golden Fleece from Greek mythology is believed to be associated with ancient Colchis.

Medieval Kingdoms

In the 4th century AD, Christianity was adopted as the state religion under King Mirian III, making Georgia one of the first Christian nations. During medieval times, powerful kingdoms such as Kartli (Iberia), Kakheti, and Abkhazia emerged. These kingdoms faced invasions from various empires like Persians, Arabs, Mongols, and Ottomans but managed to maintain their independence.

Georgian Renaissance

Georgian Renaissance From the 11th to 13th centuries, Georgia experienced a period known as its Renaissance or "Golden Age." It saw significant cultural advancements with flourishing arts, literature, architecture,and scholarship under monarchs such as David IV (the Builder) and Queen Tamar.

Russian Empire Rule

In the early 19th century, Georgia came under Russian imperial rule after several wars. Russian influence continued throughout most of the nineteenth century until it officially annexed Georgia in 1801. Anti-Russian uprisings took place periodically during this time.

Soviet Era

Following World War I ,Georgia briefly gained independence; however, it was eventually incorporated into the Soviet Union .During Soviet rule, Georgia experienced industrialization & modernization efforts along with suppression of cultural and political dissent. After Stalin's death, a wave of nationalism emerged leading calls for greater autonomy.

Independence

In April 1991 following the dissolution USSR; Georgia declared independence. However, the early years of independence were marked by political instability, economic challenges, and separatist conflicts in regions such as Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

Modern Georgia

In recent decades, Georgia has made significant strides towards democratization ,economic development, and integration into European institutions. It is known for its efforts to attract foreign investment, promote tourism, and cultural heritage preservation.

Rich Cultural Heritage

With a history dating back thousands of years, Georgia boasts a rich cultural heritage. From ancient cave cities to medieval fortresses and UNESCO World Heritage sites, visitors can immerse themselves in the country's fascinating history and architectural wonders.

Breathtaking Landscapes

Georgia is renowned for its stunning natural beauty. From the snow-capped peaks of the Caucasus Mountains to lush green valleys, pristine lakes, and picturesque coastal areas along the Black Sea, there are ample opportunities for hiking, skiing, wildlife spotting, or simply admiring nature's splendor.

Warm Hospitality

Georgian people are known for their warm hospitality and welcoming nature towards visitors. Their genuine friendliness creates an inviting atmosphere where tourists feel embraced by local traditions and customs.

Delicious Cuisine

Georgian cuisine is famous worldwide for its unique flavors and culinary delights. Indulge in mouthwatering dishes such as khachapuri (cheese-filled bread), khinkali (dumplings), or savor exquisite wines produced from traditional winemaking methods that date back centuries.

Wine Tourism

For wine enthusiasts, Georgia presents fantastic opportunities to explore vineyards, enjoy wine tastings, and learn about traditional winemaking techniques. Georgia has one of oldest wine cultures and claims to be the birthplace of winemaking.

Adventure Activities

Adventure seekers will find plenty to do in Georgia. From trekking through rugged mountain trails, to paragliding over breathtaking landscapes, to rafting down exhilarating rivers. There is something exciting for every thrill-seeker.

Affordability

Compared to many other tourist destinations, Georgia offers great value for money. With affordable accommodation options, reasonable dining expenses, and reasonably priced attractions; visitors can enjoy a memorable experience without breaking the bank.

Why Visit Georgia?

Georgia, a country nestled between Eastern Europe and Western Asia, offers a diverse range of attractions that make it an enticing destination for travelers. Here are some compelling reasons to visit Georgia:

Culture of Georgia

  • Polyphonic Singing: Georgia has a rich tradition of polyphonic singing, where multiple vocal parts harmonize together. This form of traditional music has been recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage.
  • Traditional Dance: Traditional Georgian dance is vibrant and energetic, characterized by intricate footwork and expressive movements. Each region within Georgia has its own distinctive dance styles.
  • Religious Heritage: The majority of Georgians practice Eastern Orthodox Christianity, which plays a significant role in their daily lives and cultural practices. Historic churches and monasteries are scattered throughout the country’s landscape.
  • Festivals and Celebrations: Georgians celebrate numerous festivals throughout the year that showcase their traditions, including Easter (celebrated with religious processions)and New Year (with fireworks displays).
  • Architectural Splendor: Georgia boasts stunning architecture influenced by different periods such as medieval fortresses, towering church spires, and intricate balconies. Notable examples include Tbilisi’s Old Town, Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, and cave cities like Uplistsikhe.

Hiking and Trekking

With its diverse topography, Georgia boasts numerous hiking and trekking trails that cater to all skill levels. Explore the stunning peaks of the Greater Caucasus or venture into remote regions like Svaneti or Tusheti for challenging multi-day treks. The breathtaking scenery along these routes will leave you awestruck as you traverse through lush forests, alpine meadows, glacial lakes, and traditional mountain villages.

Skiing and Snowboarding

During winter months, Georgia's ski resorts come alive with snow sports enthusiasts from around the world. Gudauri and Bakuriani are popular destinations offering excellent skiing and snowboarding opportunities. With well-groomed slopes suitable for beginners as well as more advanced runs for experienced riders, these resorts provide a thrilling experience amidst picturesque snowy landscapes.

Whitewater Rafting

The rivers of Georgia offer exhilarating whitewater rafting experiences set against stunning natural backdrops. Whether it's tackling rapids on the Rioni River in western Georgia or navigating through narrow gorges on the Mtkvari River near Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park, rafting here promises an adrenaline rush like no other.

Paragliding

For those seeking a bird's-eye view of Georgia's breathtaking landscapes, paragliding is a must-try adventure activity. Take off from high vantage points such as Kazbegi or Gudauri and soar above majestic mountains while enjoying panoramic views of valleys below.

Caving Expeditions

Georgia is home to some extraordinary cave systems waiting to be explored by adventurous souls. Vardzia Cave Complex offers an unparalleled underground experience with its labyrinthine tunnels and ancient rock-cut dwellings. Sataplia Nature Reserve is renowned for its dinosaur footprints, stalactites, and underground rivers that make it a fascinating destination for spelunking enthusiasts.

Cultural Exploration

Beyond its natural wonders, Georgia offers unique cultural experiences to adventurous travelers. Visit the vibrant capital city of Tbilisi to explore its historic architecture, bustling markets, and lively nightlife scene. Immerse yourself in Georgian hospitality by staying in traditional guesthouses or taking part in local culinary traditions like supra (traditional feast) and wine tasting sessions.

Adventure in Georgia

Georgia, nestled between the Caucasus Mountains and the Black Sea, offers an abundance of thrilling adventures for outdoor enthusiasts. From rugged landscapes to ancient cultural sites, this country is a playground for those seeking adrenaline-pumping activities and unique experiences.

What To Do In Georgia?

Georgia, a country nestled in the Caucasus region between Europe and Asia, offers a diverse range of attractions and activities for travelers. Whether you’re an adventure enthusiast, history buff, nature lover, or foodie, there’s something for everyone to enjoy in Georgia. Here are some must-visit destinations and experiences:

Explore Tbilisi

Start your journey in the capital city of Tbilisi, where ancient meets modern. Discover its charming Old Town with narrow cobblestone streets lined with traditional houses, visit iconic landmarks like the Narikala Fortress and Holy Trinity Cathedral, and soak in the vibrant atmosphere at bustling markets.

Discover Ancient Monasteries

Georgia is known for its rich religious heritage. Visit monastic complexes such as Gelati Monastery near Kutaisi or Jvari Monastery overlooking Mtskheta to witness stunning architecture and experience spiritual tranquility.

Experience Wine Culture

With a history dating back thousands of years, Georgia boasts one of the oldest winemaking traditions globally. Explore picturesque vineyards indulge in wine tastings and learn about traditional winemaking techniques and unique qvevri method.

Hike through Stunning Landscapes

From snow-capped mountains to lush valleys,hiking enthusiasts will be delighted by Georgia's breathtaking landscapes. Popular hiking spots include Kazbegi, Svaneti, Tusheti offering mesmerizing views and challenging trails.

Relax on Coastal Beaches

Head towards Georgia's Black Sea coast to unwind on beautiful sandy beaches. Batumi, a popular seaside resort offers a vibrant nightlife and delicious local cuisine along with cultural festivals throughout summer months.

Savor Georgian Cuisine

Food lovers should not miss out on experiencing Georgian cuisine which is renowned for its flavorsome dishes. Try khachapuri (cheese-filled bread), khinkali(dumplings), and various meat stews, paired with local wines.

Visit Uplistsikhe Cave Town

Explore the ancient cave city of Uplistsikhe near Gori. Wander through its rock-cut structures, frescoed caves,and learn about the region's history and culture.

Enjoy Winter Sports

During winter months, Georgia's ski resorts like Gudauri and Bakuriani offer excellent opportunities for skiing, snowboarding and other winter sports activities amidst stunning mountainous landscapes.

Speaking Language in Georgia

Speaking Language in Georgia

Georgian is the main spoken language in Georgia. Other common languages in the country are English and Russian. While older people speak Russian as their second language, younger people prefer speaking English.

Useful Georgian phrases

  • Gamarjoba: Hello
  • Naxvamdis: Goodbye
  • Madloba: Thank you
  • Madloba didi: Thank you very much (big thanks)
  • Me ar vici: I don’t understand
  • Bodishi: Excuse me (sorry)
  • Gemrieli: Delicious
  • Gaumarjos!: Cheers!

 

Georgia Cuisine

Georgian cuisine is a vibrant and diverse culinary tradition that reflects the rich history, culture, and geography of the country. Situated at the crossroads between Europe and Asia, Georgia has been influenced by various civilizations over centuries, resulting in a unique gastronomic heritage.

Flavors and Ingredients

Georgian cuisine is known for its bold flavors and aromatic spices. The use of fresh herbs like cilantro, dill, mint, and tarragon adds a distinct freshness to dishes. Garlic, onions, walnuts, pomegranates, and an array of local fruits are commonly used ingredients that contribute to the complexity of flavors.

Signature Dishes

One cannot talk about Georgian cuisine without mentioning some iconic dishes. Khachapuri Khachapuri is a popular cheese-filled bread that comes in different regional variations such as Imeretian khachapuri or Adjarian khachapuri topped with egg and butter. Khinkali Another beloved dish is Khinkali - large dumplings filled with spiced meat or cheese fillings. Other notable dishes include Chakhokhbili (chicken stew), Satsivi (walnut sauce served with poultry), Lobio (bean stew), and Mtsvadi (grilled skewered meat).

Wine Culture

Georgia boasts one of the oldest winemaking traditions in the world dating back thousands of years. Wine holds great significance in Georgian culture; it accompanies meals as well as social gatherings. Traditional winemaking methods using clay vessels called qvevri are still practiced today. Here are some well-known Georgian wines: Saperavi Saperavi is Georgia's most widely planted red grape variety. It produces robust and full-bodied red wines with dark fruit flavors and notes of spice. Rkatsiteli Rkatsiteli is one of the oldest grape varieties in Georgia and is used to produce both white and amber/orange wines. White Rkatsiteli wines are crisp, aromatic, and often exhibit floral and citrusy characteristics. Kisi Kisi is an indigenous white grape variety that produces complex and elegant dry white wines with flavors ranging from stone fruits to honeyed notes. Mtsvane Mtsvane, meaning "green" in Georgian, refers to both green-skinned grapes as well as the resulting wine made from them. Mtsvane wines can be either light-bodied or full-bodied with vibrant acidity and distinct aromas. Tsinandali Tsinandali is a famous Georgian white wine produced in the Kakheti region using a blend of Rkatsiteli and Mtsvane grapes.It has subtle fruity undertones balanced by refreshing acidity. Khikhvi Khikhvi grapes produce aromatic white wines characterized by their tropical fruit flavors such as pineapple, mango hints of spice. Kindzmarauli Kindzmarauli is a semi-sweet red wine made primarily from Saperavi grapes.It's known for its rich ruby color and luscious berry sweetness. Tvishi Tvishi is a sweet dessert wine made from Tsolikouri grapes. It exhibits honeyed tones, preserving natural sweetness.

Supra - Feast Tradition

Georgians take pride in their hospitality customs centered around food. A supra refers to traditional feasts where friends and family gather around a table laden with an abundance of dishes representing various regions' specialties. Toasts are an integral part of these gatherings where heartfelt speeches accompanied by wine flow freely. Influence on International Cuisine Over time, Georgian cuisine has gained recognition and influence beyond its borders. Restaurants around the world now offer Georgian dishes, showcasing the country's unique flavors and culinary heritage.

Seasonal Guide: When to Visit Georgia?

Spring (April to May) is an ideal time for nature enthusiasts as it brings blooming flowers, lush greenery, and pleasant temperatures. Summer (June to August) is perfect for those looking to explore the stunning mountainous regions or enjoy the coastal areas along the Black Sea. The warm weather allows for hiking, beach activities, and vibrant festivals.

Autumn (September to November) showcases Georgia’s beautiful fall foliage as vineyards turn golden with harvest season approaching. It’s also a great time for wine lovers as they can participate in grape harvesting events.

Winter (December to February) appeals to winter sports enthusiasts with ski resorts offering thrilling slopes amidst snow-covered peaks.

Georgia Seasonal Guide

When To Visit Georgia?

Currency and Payment in Georgia

Currency and Payment

The lari, also known as the tetri or GEL (), is the name of Georgia’s official currency. One lari is equal to 100 tetri, or GEL ().

  • Banknotes in circulation in Georgia are: 5, 10, 20, 50 & 100 lari.
  • Coins in circulation are: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 tetri, plus 1 & 2 lari.

The sole accepted form of payment in Georgia is in lari, therefore even though prices are occasionally listed in USD or EUR, you must always carry lari on you. (This does not apply to South Ossetia and Abkhazia, which utilize the Russian ruble.)

At the time of writing:

  • $1 USD = 2.72 GEL
  • €1 Euro = 2.82 GEL
  • £1 British Pound = 3.24 GEL
  • $1 Australian Dollar = 1.82 GEL
  • $1 Canadian Dollar = 2.04 GEL

Tips and Requirements

  1. Travel Documents: Before visiting Georgia, check the entry requirements for your country of citizenship. Ensure that you have a valid passport with at least six months validity beyond your planned departure date. Some nationalities may require a visa, so make sure to obtain the necessary documentation before traveling.
  2. Health Precautions: It is advisable to research any recommended vaccinations or health precautions prior to traveling to Georgia. Consult with your healthcare provider or visit a travel clinic for up-to-date information on required immunizations or medications.
  3. Safety Awareness: Like any destination, exercising general safety precautions is essential when visiting Georgia. Stay alert and aware of your surroundings, particularly in crowded areas or tourist spots where pickpocketing can occur. Keep valuables secure and avoid displaying signs of wealth.